Program preselecting and tuning mechanism



July 11, 1944.- F, H, OWENS v PROGRAM PRESELECTING AND TUNING MECHANISM 4 Sheets-Sheet l Julyll, 1944. F. H. OWENS PROGRAM PRESELECTING AND I'UNING MECHANISM Filed April 28, 1943 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 I INVENTOR firm? flaw/64 0142-7143 w wmm July 11, 1944. H ow s 2,353,186

PROGRAM PRESELECTING AND TUNING MECHANISM Filed April 28, 1943 4 Sheets-Sheet s BY ATT R Y Q July 11, 1944. OWEN; 2,353,186

PROGRAM PRESELECTING AND TUNING MECHANISM v 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed April 28, 1943 ztztzigtzzzzzzzztx numamuxnn 0.1

l2 Hmmcur I A P1 v Patented July 11, 1944 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE PROGRAM PRESELECTING AND TUNING MECHANISM 21 Claims.

The invention herein disclosed relates to apparatus for preselecting and tuning radio receivers or other devices, for the reception of desired programs or for effecting other sequences and is a continuation-in-part of inventions disclosed and covered in copending applications for Patents Ser'. No. 397,504 filed June 10, 1941, Ser. No. 450,449 filed July 10, 1942, Ser. No. 465,155 filed Nov. 10, 1942, and Ser. No. 466,698 filed Nov. 23, 1942.

In those basic cases, the tuning is accomplished usually by a separate tuning unit, which is preset for a certain station or a desired result,

making it :possible' to bring in that station or employed in the forms of apparatus covered in the first group of cases.

Other objects are to provide automatic preselecting tuning mechanism of a thoroughly practical and efficient design, simple and inexpensive in structure, accurate and reliable in operation, and with the parts compactly arranged to go Within a small space in a radio receiver cabinet or the like.

Special objects are to provide for arbitrary n manual control of the tuning mechanism, operable at any time, independently of the automatic program selecting means and, in association with such arbitrary control, means for muting the sound in shifting over from automatic to manual control.

Further important objects of the invention will appear as the specification proceeds.

The novel features and combinations through which the purposes of the invention are attained are set forth in the following specification, broadly covered in the claims and illustrated by Way of practical example in the accompanying drawings. It is realized however, that actual physical structure may be modifled and changed in various Ways, all within the true intent and broad scope of the invention. Such illustration therefore is to be considered primarily for purposes of disclosure and not by Way of limitation, the actual scope of the invention being as hereinafter broadly defined and claimed.

Fig. 1 in the drawings is a broken front elevation and part sectional view of a present embodiment of the invention.

Figs. 2 and 3 are broken rear and side views respectively of one of the adjustable rockers for determining the stopped position of the yoke like universal bar of the tuning mechanism, parts appearing in section in Fig. 2 as on substantially the plane of line 2-2 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 4 is a detached perspective View of one of the rocker yokes. I

Fig. 5 is a broken sectional detail illustrating the relation of one of the positioning rockers to the universal bar and indicating in particular, how the detent bar may snap forwardly over a catch which has been set to hold and position it on the return stroke.

Fig. 6 is a detached plan view of one of the swinging levers for positioning the catches in the yokes.

Fig. 7 is a broken horizontal sectional view taken substantially on the line '|'l of Fig. 1.

Figs. 8 and 9 are fragmentary sectional views on substantially the ,planes of lines 8--8 and 98 of Fig. 1, showing how one rocker may position the tuning bar and the others be of no effect.

Fig. 10 is a wiring diagram.

In the present disclosure, the invention is set forth as applied to radio receivers, but this is for convenience of description rather than by way of limitation, except possibly as such intent may be clearly apparent in certain of the claims.

The radio receiver indicated generally in Figs. 1 and 7, may be like those disclosed in the copending patent applications identified, particularly as having a series of tuning controls, appropriately identified, as I, 2, etc., equipped with tuning knobs II, and having wave band selecting switches I2, with three different positions, such as A, B and C.

A twenty-four hour clock may be disposed in the upper ortion of the cabinet (not shown) and the station selecting time keys, such as the slides or push buttons disclosed, for example in patent applications Ser. 465,155 or Ser. 466,698, for 'preselecting the stations which will be brought in desired times or the set be silenced or other effects attained.

For the purposes of the present disclosure, it need only be considered that at certain ,preselected times, actuating circuits will be closed.

In the present instance, these station selecting timed circuits are utilized to energize circuit closing station selecting magnets i 3, Fig. 9, the wave band selecting magnets l4, and a power solenoid l5, for actuating the station tuning mechanism.

The actual form of the tuner may vary within wide limits, the invention being adapted to capacity, inductance or other forms of tuning.

For purposes of illustration, an inductance type of tuner is indicated in a general way in Fig. 7, by core elements l6, l1, adjustable within coils l8, l9, said core elements being carried by a bar 25, attached to the magnetic core 2|, of the solenoid l5.

Solenoid I is thus arranged to shift the tuning mechanism forwardly or to the left in the illustration.

Return movement may be effected by another magnet or for example, by springs such as shown at 22, attached to bar 23.

This spring-power return movement is cushioned in the illustration, by an air cylinder 23, on bar 23, sliding over a fixed piston rod 24, said cylinder having one or more relief openings 25.

This air-cushioned spring-return movement of the bar 20, is stopped at the different points necessary to leave the tuner in the desired station selecting positions.

The stop mechanism comprises in the illustration, a swinging arch or yoke 26, connected to be actuated by the power magnet and return springs and carrying detents 21. positioned to engage the catches 28, when the latter are shifted into the path of travel of said detents. The arch 26, is thus in the nature of a universal bar adapted to be caught and held by any one of the several catches. The latter are controlled by closure of the station selecting circuits.

Specifically, the swinging arch or yoke 25, is shown, Fig. l, as comprising a top bar having dependent end extensions 29, pivotally engaged on a tubular support 30, and as having an upstanding lug 3 4, connected by pivoted link 32, with th forward end of the solenoid core 2|. The detent lugs 21, are shown as carried by a flat plate 33, pivotally confined on top of the arch 26, by having dependent hinge lugs 34, at the back, extending pivotally through openings 35, in a dependent flange 35, along the back of the arch. A coiled spring 31, Fig. 5, bearing down on the forward edge of the hinged plate 33, enables said plate to rise sufliciently for any of the detents 21, to slide up over previously positioned catches 23, in the forward swing of the yoke.

The catches or stops 28, for the tuning yoke are shown in the form of upstanding levers pivoted at their lower ends at 38, on small brackets or yokes pivoted intermediate their upper and lower ends on the supporting tube 30, within the arch of the tuning yoke 25.

The lower ends of the individual station selecting yokes 39, are shown as carrying cross pins 45, in notches 4! in nut blocks 42, non-rotatably held between the sides of these yokes and engaged on the station tuning screw shafts 43. The outer ends of these screws, as best shown in Figs. 8 and 9, carry the tuning knobs H. Adjustment of these knobs, by shifting the nut blocks 42, will rock the yokes 39, either forwardly or backwardly and thus locate the catches 28, in position where they will stop the tuning yoke at different points in its rearward swinging movement. to leave the apparatus tuned for reception of different stations.

The positioning of the catches 28, to intercept detents 21, and thus stop the tuner in the desired station selecting positions is accomplished in the illustration, by means of levers 44, pivoted intermediate their ends at 45. Figs. 8 and 9, and having angled forward ends 46, engaging between rear struck lugs 41, On the catches or trips 28, and having angled cam slots 48, in their rearward ends receiving the studs or screws 49, on the undersides of switch blocks 50.

The switch blocks 50, as in preceding patent applications, carry contacts 5|, for closing necessary station receiving circuits and are slidingly mounted on guides 52, so as to be reciprooable by levers 53, pivoted at 54, and connected at 55, for actuation by the cores 56, of station selecting solenoids l3.

It thus follows that the energization of any one of the station selecting magnets l3, from the program selecting timing mechanism, in closing the necessary circuits at 50, 5|, will, through lever 44, shift the catch 28, as at the intermediate No. 5 station, Fig. l, to position where on the return throw of the tuning yoke 26, the detent abutment 21, at that point, will engage said catch and hold the tuning frame as in Fig. 8, with the tuning mechanism set for the reception of that particular station.

The initial adjustments necessary for bringing in the different stations can be effected in the illustration. by rocking the yoke 26, forwardly and holding it thus by a selected catch 28, whil adjusting the knob H, at that point, to shift the yoke 39, carrying that catch until the station is tuned in properly, repeating this primary tuning adjustment for each one of the nine or other number of station tuners.

These arbitrary tuning adjustments can be made at any time in the construction shown, by pushing in the center knob 51, of a tuner, which as shown in Fig. 9, will cause the inner end of the spindl 58, on which such knob is mounted to thrust back the lever 53, against the tension of the spring connection 55, between that lever and its actuating solenoid cor 55, which will have the same effect as the energization of that particular solenoid i3, that is. to slide the switch lock 58, forward to close the circuits for that station. This also has the substantially simultaneous effect of closing the circuit through the tuning magnet I5, to accomplish the forward shifting of the tuning frame 25, and through an on magnet later described.

The switching means for efiecting these results as indicated in Figs. 8 and 9, as a disc 53, on an insulating sleeve 60, clamped on spindle 58, at H, to engage contacts 62, 63, in a local circuit for energizing power magnet 15 and the on magnet 64, Fig. 10.

The switch closing lever 53, forced back by a spindle 58, will be held in the circuit closed position as indicated in Fig. 9, by engagement of the lower end of the same over a spring latch plate 65, and the action of thus catching one of the switch levers will automatically release any previously held switch lever.

Springs 66 return the push button knobs 51 to their outward positions as soon as pressure on them is released, thus to open circuit through the power solenoid l5, and permit the frame to drop back against the catch positioned to hold the same in the tuned or tuning position.

To avoid undesirable sounds in the Changeover from automatic to manual operation, insulating sleeve 91 on spindles 58, Figs. 8 and 9,

are shown as carrying discs 61, engageable across the end terminals 68, 69, of the volume control windings 10, to operate as muting switches.

Individual adjustment of the volume controls is eifected in the illustration, by rotation of the knobs 51, this having the effect of turning the contact arms H, at the inner ends of insulating supports 60, over the volume control windings 10.

Fig. illustrates a basic type of wiring diagram based on the previous disclosures above identified and having the reference characters heretofore used applied, so far as practicable. Only brief reference thereto need be made, it being suiiicient to point out the time clock at 12, operating the distributor arm 13, over the time contacts 14, and switch wheels 15, 16, to close circuits by wiring 11, T3, 19, by way of a station selecting switch key as at BB, and by wiring 8|, to one of the station selecting magnets 15, and wiring 82, 83, to the on magnet 64, and

wiring 82, 84, to tuning magnet IS, the return of the latter two magnets being by wiring 85, 85, 81, back to the transformer secondary 18, form.- ing the current source for this circuit.

The wiring diagram shows that the invention may be adapted to and combined with the recorder 89, voting system 90, and other features of the previous disclosures herein referred to. but specific description of such other features is not required in this case for full understanding of the invention herein.

For the results attained, the parts are relatively few, of simple design and rugged in construction. These are easily assembled and are compactl arranged, so as to occupy but small space. The small yokes which carry the catches being mounted on the same tube which supports the tuning yoke assures continued accurate relation of the holding catches to the respective abutments on the tuning yoke.

These carrier yokes, as particularly shown in Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 5, may each be made of a single piece of sheet metal blanked out with side parts 9|, 9|, integrally connected together by an intermediate bridge portion 92, forming the front wall of the article when the two sides are folded toward each other into parallelism. The side members are shown as having integral extensions 93, 93, at the top folded down and united by a dovetail joint 94. In folding the parts together in this relation. space is left at the top between the front Wall 92, and the forward edges of the top connections 93, to leave the slot 95, for the catch to project up through, said catch being pivoted on the back of the front Wall, where it will line up with such slot and be braced by the walls which define this slot.

The muter switches, at 61, Figs. 8 and 9, may be arranged to close ahead of the magnet controlling switches at 59, by confining the supporting sleeves 91, carrying switch elements 61, in frictionally slidable engagement on the spindles 58, between the insulating supports 60, fixed on said spindles and the inner ends of the tubular screw shafts 43, and by providing some form of frictional drag connections between said in sulating sleeves 9! and spindles 58. In the illustration, C-shaped wire springs 98, are shown engaged about said leeves with the inwardly directed ends of the same extending through open ings in opposite sides of said sleeves into frictional sliding engagement with said spindles. In the relation of parts shown, the switch disc 6!, will engage volume control contacts 68, 69, before switch element 59, engages contacts 62, 63,

and with continued inward pressure on knob 51, the spindle 58, will slide through the sleeve 91, to close the inner switch at 59. Then when pressure on the knob is released, both switches will open and the loose sleeve 91, will be restored to its original position by engagement with the inner end of tubular screw 43, the spindle then continuing its outward movement until insulating support 60 comes against the inner end of sleeve 91, limiting outward movement of the spindle, after having thus restored switch blade 61 to the position where it will close the muter circuit in advance of the closing of the magnet circuits.

Further sound control may be provided as shown in Fig. 10, by interposing a volume reducing resistance 99, in the volume control circuit I60, which is automatically closed at the end of every fifteen minutes or other selected or broadcast period by switch wheel 16. A switch is indicated at IUI, in a local circuit I02, about this resistance, which may be closed to render such resistance ineffective or which may be left open to leave the resistance in condition to be cut into effective use at the end of each control period.

While referred to for convenience generally as a tuner, the mechanism herein disclosed may be used for many other than radio control purposes, for instance, for opening or closing valves or other such control devices to different selected degrees.

What is claimed is:

1. Program preselecting and tuning mecha nisrn. comprising a universal bar having detent shou ders, means for effecting reciprocation of said universal. bar in opposite directions, catches adapted when so positioned to engage said shoulders and stop movement of said universal bar in one direction, means for individually positioning said catches to be engaged or not to be engaged by said shoulders, means for individually locating said catches to stop said universal bar in different positions and means such as a radio tuning device connected to be positioned by said universal bar in the stopped position of the latter.

2. Program preselecting and tuning mechanism, corn a universal bar having detent shoulders, for effecting reciprocation of said universal bar in opposite directions, catches adapted when so positioned to engage said shoulders and stop movement of said universal h r in one direction, means for individually positioning said catches to be engaged or not to be engaged by said shoulders, means for individually locating said catches to stop said universal bar in diff "ent positions, means such as a radio tuning device connected to be positioned by said universal bar in the stopped position of the latter, said. universal bar being in the form of a pivotally mounted arched yoke and said catches being disposed within the arch of said yoke.

Pro, preselecting and tuning mechanism, compri. mg a universal bar having detent shoulders, means for effecting reciprocation of universal in opposite directions. catches adapted when so positioned to engage said shou ders and step movement of said universal one direction, means for individually posit'cning said catches to be engaged or not to be engaged by shoulders, means for individually locating said catches to stop said universal bar in different positions, means such as a radio tuning device connected to be positioned by said universal bar in the stopped position of the latter, said detent shoulders being mounted on the universal bar to yield upon engagement with the catches when said universal bar is moving in the opposite direction.

4. Program preselecting and tuning mechanism, comprising a universal bar having detent shoulders, means for effecting reciprocation of said universal bar in opposite directions, catches adapted when so positioned to engage said shoulders and stop movement of said universal bar in one direction, means for individually po sitioning said catches to be engaged or not to be engaged by said shoulders, means for individually locating said catches to stop said universal bar in diiierent positions, means such as a radio tuning device connected to be positioned by said universal bar in the stopped position of the latter. said universal bar being a pivotally mounted arched yoke and said catches being adjustably mounted on carriers pivotally adjust-i able on the same center as the pivotal mounting of said yoke.

5. Program preselecting and tuning mechanism, compr sing a universal bar having detent shoulders, means for effecting reciprocation of said universal bar in opposite directions, catches adapted when so positioned to engage said shoulders and stop movement of said universal bar in one direction, means for individually positioning said catches to be engaged or not to be engaged by said shoulders, means for individually locating said catches to stop said universal bar in different positions, means such as a radio tuning device connected to be positioned by said universal bar in the stopped position of the latter, said universal bar being a pivotally mounted arched yoke. said catches being adjustab y mounted on carriers pivotally adjustable on the same center as the pivotal mounting of said yoke, and said means for positioning the catches including adjusting devices for rocking said carriers on said pivotal mounting.

6. Program preselecting and tuning mechanisn. comprising a universal bar having detent shoulders, means for effecting reciprocation of said universal bar in opposite directions, catches adapted when so positioned, to engage said shoulders and stop movement of said universal bar in one direction, means for individually positioning said catches to be engaged or not to be engaged by said shoulders, means for individually locating said catches to stop said universal bar n different positions, means such as a radio tuning device connected to be positioned by said universal bar in the stopped position of the latter, said means for shifting said catches into and out of operative relation including levers engaging sa d catches and means for actuating a selected one of said levers.

'7v Program. preselecting and tuning mechanism, comprising a universal bar having detent shoulders, means for effecting reciprocation of said universal bar in opposite directions, catches adapted when so positioned, to engage said shoulders and stop movement of said universal bar in one direction. means for individually positioning' sa d catches to be engaged or not to be engaged by said shoulders. means for individua ly locating said catches to stop said universal bar in different positions, means such as a radio tuning device connected to be positioned by said universal bar in the stopped position of the latter, said means for efiecting the reciprocation of said universal bar including an electromagnet for shifting said bar in one direction and air cushioned means for effecting controlled return movement of said bar.

8. Program preselecting and tuning mechanism, comprising an arched yoke pivotally supported at its ends, detent shoulders carried by the arched portion of said yoke, means for swinging said yoke in one direction and enabling controlled return of the yoke in the opposite direction, carriers pivotally mounted within the arch of said yoke, means for individually adjusting said carriers about their points of pivotal support, catches movably mounted on said carriers, means for arbitrarily selecting and shifting the catch on one of said carriers from a non-interfering to a position for engagement by a detent shoulder on said yoke to stop said yoke at a predetermined point in its return movement and means such as radio tuning apparatus controlled by the stopped position of said yoke.

9. Program preselecting and tuning mechanism, comprising an arched yoke pivotally supported at its ends, detent shoulders carried by the arched portion of said yoke, means for swinging said yoke in one direction and enabling controlled return of the yoke in the opposite direction, carriers pivotally mounted within the arch of said yoke, means for individually adjusting said carriers about their points of pivotal support, catches movably mounted on said carriers, means i or arbitrarily selecting and shifting the catch. on one of said carriers from a non-interfering to a posi tion for engagement by a detent shoulder on said yoke to stop said yoke at a predetermined point in its return movement, means such as radio tuning apparatus controlled by the stopped position of said yoke, said means for selecting and positioning said catches including automatic program selecting apparatus and manuals for arbitrarily selecting and actuating said catches, independently of said automatic program selecting apparatus.

10. Program preselecting and tuning mechanism, comprising an arched yoke pivotally supported at its ends, detent shoulders carried by the arched portion of said yoke, means for swnging said yoke in one direction and enabling controlled return of the yoke in the opposite direction, carriers pivotally mounted within the arch of said yoke, means for individually adjusting said carriers about their points of pivotal support, catches movably mounted on said carriers, means for arbitrarily selecting and shifting the catch on one of said carriers from a noninterfering to a position for engagement by a detent shoulder on said yoke to stop said yoke at a predetermined point in its return movement, means such as radio tuning apparatus controlled by the stopped postion of said yoke, said catch selecting and positioning means including a reciprocating switch block and a swinging lever actuated by the reciprocation of said switch block.

11. Program preselecting and tuning mechanism, comprising a pivotally mounted tuning yoke, having abutment shoulders, individual ca rrier yokes pivotally mounted within said tuning yolie, catches on said carrier yokes adapted to be projected for engagement with said abutment shoulders, individual adjusting screws extending between the sides of the carrier yokes, nuts on sa'cl screws non-rotatably confined between the sides of said yokes and connected to rock said yokes on their pivotal centers, means for individually shitting said catches on said yokes from non-projecting to projecting positions and vice versa and means for swinging said tuning yoke in one direction and for enabling swinging movement in the opposite direction under control of any catch that may stand in projected position.

12. Program preselecting and tuning mechanism, comprising a universal bar havin detent shoulders and stops for engagement with said detent shoulders, including pivoted yokes, nut elements connected with said yokes, manually operable screws engaging said nuts for effecting rocking adjustments of said yokes, catches mounted on said yokes and means for projecting said catches from a non-interfering position into position for engagement by said detent shoulders.

13. Program preselecting and tuning mechanism, comprising a universal bar having detentshoulders and stops for engagement with said detent shoulders, including pivoted yokes, nut elements connected with said yokes, manually operable screws engaging said nuts for effecting rocking adjustments of said yokes, catches mounted on said yokes, means for projecting said catches from a non-interfering position into position for engagement by said detent shoulders, said screws being of tubular form, spindles extending through said tubular screws and means operable by said spindles for effecting control of the action of said universal bar.

14. Program preselecting and tuning mechanism, comprising a universal bar having detent shoulders and stops for engagement with said detent shoulders, including pivoted yokes, nut elements connected with said yokes, manually operable screws engaging said nuts for effectin rocking adjustments of said yokes, catches mounted on said yokes, means for projecting said catches from a non-interfering position into position for engagement by said detent shoulders, said screws being of tubular form, spindles extending through said tubular screws, means operable by said spindles for effecting control of the action of said universal bar and including magnet armatures directly operable by said spindles, switch blocks operable by said armatures, an electromagnet for shifting said universal bar and circuit means for energizing said electromagnet under control of said switch block.

15. Program preselecting and tuning mechanism, comprising a universal bar having detent shoulders and stops for engagement with said detent shoulders, including pivoted yokes, nut elements connected with said yokes, manually operable screws engaging said nuts for efiecting rocking adjustments of said yokes, catches mounted on said yokes, means for projecting said catches from a non-interfering position into position for engagement by said detent shoulders, said screws being of tubular form, and manually operable spindles extending through said tubular screws.

16. Program preselecting and tuning mechanism, comprising a manually operable tubular screw shaft, a pivotally mounted lever having a nut element engaging said screw for enabling rocking adjustments of said lever through manipulation of said screw, a catch member carried by said lever, a tuning frame having a detent shoulder engageable by said catch member, electromagnetic means for effecting shifting of said frame, a manually operable spindle extending through said tubular screw shaft and switch means operable by said spindle for effecting control of said electromagnetic means.

17. Program preselecting and tuning mechanism, comprising a universal bar having stop shoulders, variably positioned catches engageable with said stop shoulders to stop the movement of said universal bar in one direction, means for positively shifting said universal bar in the opposite direction, means for yieldingly return-,

ing said universal bar in the direction to be variably stopped by said catches, means for selectively positioning said catches to render them individually capable of stopping said universal bar in the yielding return movement of the same and means for cushioning the return movement of said universal bar.

18. Program preselecting and tuning mechanism, comprising a universal bar having stop shoulders, electromagnetic means for shifting said universal bar in one direction, means for effecting yielding return movement of said universal bar, adjustably positioned catches for stopping engagement with said stop shoulders, means for selectively positioning said catches for engagement by said stop shoulders in the return movement of said universal bar, a control switch for said electromagnet and a manually operable member for operating said control switch.

19. As a new article of manufacture, a pivotal catch supporting yoke consisting of a single piece of sheet material having side members integrally connected by an intermediate bridge portion, said side members folded at right angles to said bridge portion into parallel relation, with the forward edges of the same back of said bridge portion and said side portions having extensions at one end brought together and secured by a dovetail joint or equivalent to hold said side members in substantial parallelism.

20. Program preselecting and tuning mechanism, comprising an arched yoke pivotally supported at its ends, carriers pivotally mounted within the arch of said yoke on substantially the same pivotal axis as said yoke, means for pivotally adjusting said carriers on their pivotal supports independently of each other, catches shiftable on said carriers at an angle to the pivotal axis of the same, levers for shifting said catches, electromagnets for actuating said levers, detents on the arched portion of the yoke in position for engagement by said catches when said catches are shifted by said levers and means for effecting movement of the yoke for control by the shifted catches.

21. Program preselecting and tuning mechanism, comprising an arched yoke pivotally supported at its ends, carriers pivotally mounted within the arch of said yoke on substantially the same pivotal axis as said yoke, means for pivotally adjusting said carriers on their pivotal supports independently of each other, catches shiftable on said carriers at an angle to the pivotal axis of the same, levers for shifting said catches, electromagnets for actuating said levers, detents on the arched portion of the yoke in position for engagement by said catches when said catches are shifted by said levers, means for effecting movement of the yoke for control by the shifted catches, switch blocks operated by said electromagnets and connections between said switch blocks and said levers for effecting the actuation of said levers from said electromagnets.

FREEMAN H. OWENS. 

